Pioneered ECT Safety & Technical Standards: Chaired multiple APA Task Forces and led FDA advocacy to modernize device classification & practice guidelines.

Shaped Academic Psychiatry: Led Duke's renowned ECT & brain stimulation programs.

Advanced ECT Science: Authored 230+ papers; co-developed EEG methods to guide treatment efficacy.

Led Transformative Clinical Research: Led NIH and VA studies on long-term neurophysiologic effects of ECT.

Mentored a Generation: Trained and mentored leaders who advanced ECT care & research.